VANCOUVER, British Columbia, Sept. 28, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Despite common misperceptions, high levels of economic freedom—that is, relying more on entrepreneurs, businessowners and workers to make economic decisions rather than politicians and bureaucrats—drive Denmark’s high living standards, notes an upcoming essay series documenting the economic history of Denmark, which will be published by the Fraser Institute, an independent, non-partisan Canadian public policy think-tank.
“Denmark prospered from the mid-1850s to the 1970s because it had comparatively small government, light regulations and taxes, and open trade—the main pillars of economic freedom,” said Danish economist Lars Christensen, co-author of the essay Denmark: Getting Rich Before Becoming a Welfare State.
For more than 150 years, Danes have been among the most economically free people on Earth, which resulted in marked prosperity for the small country. At the turn of the 20th century, for instance, Denmark had one of the highest income levels in Europe.
And in 1970, just before it’s experiment with much larger government, Denmark had one of the highest incomes among all western countries (including Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom) and its government sector was comparatively small at 24.4 per cent (as a share of the economy) compared to the OECD average (27.7 per cent), the U.K. (42 per cent), Canada (36 per cent), the United States (32.3 per cent) and Australia (25.3 per cent).
However, from 1970 to 1995, Denmark’s government spending (as a share of the economy) skyrocketed from 24 per cent to 59 per cent. The economy consequently stalled while inflation and unemployment increased.
By the mid-1990s, policymakers understood they had to make changes and reduce government spending. The government enacted reforms, which resulted in a decline in the size of government (as a share of the economy) to 50 per cent—although this was still higher than the OECD average. The reforms helped limit deficits and increases in government debt. As the government moved toward budget balance, both inflation and interest rates declined.
The ongoing positive performance of the Danish economy, however, is rooted in its relatively free economic system. In the Fraser Institute’s 2023 economic freedom rankings, Denmark ranked seventh in the world, largely due to its continued commitment to open trade, light regulations, sound judicial and property rights system, and stable inflation. (Denmark would have ranked first if not for its poor performance in the size of government component of the economic freedom measurement.)
“The Danish experience shows both the benefits of relying on markets and the costs of dramatically increasing the role of government in the economy,” said Matthew Mitchell, essay co-author and senior fellow at the Fraser Institute.
“High levels of economic freedom help Danes enjoy some of the highest living standards in the world,” said Steven Globerman, essay co-author and senior fellow at the Fraser Institute.
This complete essay series (The Free Enterprise State: A History of Denmark’s Unique Economic Model) is part of the Fraser Institute’s Realities of Socialism series.
To arrange media interviews or for more information, please contact:
Mark Hasiuk, Fraser Institute
(604) 688-0221 ext. 517
mark.hasiuk@fraserinstitute.org
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The Fraser Institute is an independent Canadian public policy research and educational organization with offices in Vancouver, Calgary, Toronto, and Montreal and ties to a global network of think-tanks in 87 countries. Its mission is to improve the quality of life for Canadians, their families and future generations by studying, measuring and broadly communicating the effects of government policies, entrepreneurship and choice on their well-being. To protect the Institute’s independence, it does not accept grants from governments or contracts for research. Visit www.fraserinstitute.org.
