ARLINGTON HEIGHTS, Ill., Jan. 30, 2012 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- For breast cancer patients who have undergone radiation therapy, a new technique consisting of fat injection followed by implant placement may provide a much-needed alternative for breast reconstruction, reports a study in the February issue of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery®, the official medical journal of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS).
"Fat grafting seems to reduce the radiation-induced complications in implants," according to the authors of the new study, led by Dr. Salgarello Marzja of University Hospital "A. Gemelli" in Rome. With further study, the combination technique may offer women who have undergone radiation therapy an effective new reconstructive option.
Fat Grafts Provide a 'Bed' for Implant Reconstruction
Dr. Marzja and colleagues investigated the use of fat grafting to achieve better results with implant-based breast reconstruction after surgery plus radiation therapy for breast cancer. Because of an increased risk of complications, women who have undergone radiation therapy are usually not considered for reconstruction using implants.
Over a three-year period, researchers used the combination technique in 16 patients who underwent surgery followed by radiation therapy for breast cancer. Eleven underwent mastectomy and five had lumpectomy or other types of "breast-conserving" surgery. Reconstruction began at least three to six months after the completion of radiation therapy.
In the fat grafting technique, fat was obtained by liposuction from one part of the body—for example, the thighs—and injected into the radiation-treated area. The goal was to provide a "bed" of healthy tissue in the chest wall or remaining breast to receive the implant. All patients received two or three fat grafts. The final reconstruction, including implant placement, was performed only when the area was free of signs of radiation toxicity.
The results of the staged reconstruction technique were highly encouraging. The final appearance of the reconstructed breasts was rated excellent to good in 94 percent of patients. Patient satisfaction was rated high to very high. At an average follow-up of 15 months, there were no complications. All patients had good healing of the tissues surrounding the implant.
Adding radiation therapy after breast cancer surgery reduces the risk of recurrent breast cancer and increases the chances of survival. In response to recently revised treatment guidelines, the number of patients undergoing surgery followed by radiation for breast cancer is likely to increase significantly in the years ahead.
However, radiation has toxic effects on tissues that can cause problems with healing. Women who have undergone radiation therapy are at increased risk of complications after breast reconstruction using implants. As a result, "autologous" reconstruction using the women's own tissues—which requires another operation to obtain graft tissue from the abdomen—is often their only option for breast reconstruction.
Although experience is limited so far, the new report suggests that initial fat grafting may enable successful implant-based reconstruction for the growing number of women who have undergone radiation therapy for breast cancer. "Fat grafting seems to reduce the radiation-induced complications in implants," Dr. Marzja and coauthors conclude. "However, larger studies with a longer follow-up are required to confirm our findings."
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® is published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, part of Wolters Kluwer Health.
About Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
For more than 60 years, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® (http://journals.lww.com/plasreconsurg/) has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. The official journal of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® brings subscribers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for all areas of plastic and reconstructive surgery, including breast reconstruction, experimental studies, maxillofacial reconstruction, hand and microsurgery, burn repair, and cosmetic surgery, as well as news on medico-legal issues.
About ASPS
The American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) is the world's largest organization of board-certified plastic surgeons. Representing more than 7,000 Member Surgeons, the Society is recognized as a leading authority and information source on cosmetic and reconstructive plastic surgery. ASPS comprises more than 94 percent of all board-certified plastic surgeons in the United States. Founded in 1931, the Society represents physicians certified by The American Board of Plastic Surgery or The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. ASPS advances quality care to plastic surgery patients by encouraging high standards of training, ethics, physician practice and research in plastic surgery. For more information, please visit www.plasticsurgery.org.
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