SAN DIEGO, May 10, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Although the terms opioid and opiate are often used interchangeably they are not synonyms. An opioid is any chemical that binds to the opioid receptors in the body. These receptors are primarily located in the nervous system, both in the central nervous system, and the peripheral nervous system. Opiates are drugs derived directly from the resin of the opium poppy. Examples of opiates are codeine, morphine and opium.
Opioids are among the oldest known drugs, with the use of the opium poppy for therapeutic effects occurring before recorded human history. The rise of Great Britain to greatness was not in small part due to the opium trade with the Orient.
Many opioids are available today, most synthetically derived and not opiates. Examples of opioids that are not opiates include oxycodone, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, and others, Opioids are used therapeutically primarily for their analgesic, or pain relieving effect. Despite the serious potential side effects, and knows addiction issues, opioids remain the primary analgesic used for moderate to severe pain.
This whole class of drugs has more similarities than differences. All of the drugs can cause constipation, sedation, and itching as common side effects. Physical tolerance develops fairly quickly to opioids sedative and respiratory depression effects. A dose that is needed for an opioid tolerant patient to get adequate pain relief may be a lethal dose to a patient with little or no previous experience with this class of medication.
Opioid Addiction is very common. Death from prescription narcotic abuse is now several times more common than from heroin abuse in the US.
According to the CDC study, From 1999-2016, more than 350,000 people died from an overdose involving any opioid, including prescription and illicit opioids. In 2016, the number of overdose deaths involving opioids (including prescription opioids and illegal opioids like heroin and illicitly manufactured fentanyl) was 5 times higher than in 1999. On average, 115 Americans die every day from an opioid overdose.
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