Cambium Learning Group Reports Second Quarter 2018 Financial Results


Bookings Trends Accelerate into Important Back-to-School Selling Season

Learning A-Z Bookings Up 26% for Q2 Year-over-Year, Up 13% Year-to-Date

ExploreLearning Bookings Up 15% for Q2 Year-over-Year, Up 14% Year-to-Date

Reiterating Full-Year Outlook

DALLAS, Aug. 13, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Cambium Learning® Group, Inc. (Nasdaq: ABCD, the "Company"), a leading educational technology solutions company committed to helping all students reach their full potential, announced today financial results for its second quarter ended June 30, 2018.

SECOND QUARTER 2018 RESULTS

"Cambium Learning Group's first half results were strong, trending well as we head into the crucial third quarter back-to-school selling season," stated John Campbell, Chief Executive Officer. "Second quarter Bookings grew 11% compared to the second quarter of 2017, led by double-digit increases in our SaaS segments of 26% at Learning A-Z and 15% at ExploreLearning. We executed well in the quarter on our planned strategic investments in development, marketing and sales initiatives to support the long-term growth of our digital solutions, which are reflected as expected in first half results. Two of our Learning A-Z solutions earned prestigious Software and Information Industry Association CODiE Awards: Raz-Plus, for Best Solution for Special Needs Students, and Science A-Z, for Best Science Instruction Solution, marking the seventh consecutive year that one of our products has won. Overall, we are well-positioned heading into the second half selling season."

Financial Snapshot

For the quarter ended June 30, 2018, the Company reported the following financial results:

 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)2018 2017 $ Change 2018 2017 $ Change
GAAP net revenues$41.0  $40.4  $0.6  $77.6  $76.3  $1.3 
GAAP net income4.4  5.8  (1.4) 7.0  8.3  (1.3)
Net income margin %11% 14%   9% 11%  
EBITDA11.1  12.5  (1.3) 19.7  21.1  (1.5)
Adjusted EBITDA12.7  12.9  (0.2) 21.5  21.9  (0.4)
Adjusted EBITDA margin %31% 32%   28% 29%  
            
Bookings$33.1  $29.7  $3.4  $53.0  $48.9  $4.1 
Cash income1.9  (0.8) 2.7  (8.7) (11.6) 2.9 
Cash income margin %6% (3)%   (16)% (24)%  
                

First Half 2018 Financial Highlights

  • Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) net revenues for the first half of 2018 increased by $1.3 million, or 2%, to $77.6 million compared with $76.3 million in 2017. GAAP net revenues by segment for the six months ended June 30, 2018, and the change from the same period of 2017, were as follows:

    ○  Learning A-Z® - $39.6 million, increased $2.7 million or 7%

    ○  ExploreLearning® - $15.2 million, increased $1.7 million or 13%

    ○  Voyager Sopris Learning® - $22.8 million, decreased $(3.2) million or (12)%

  • Bookings for the first half of 2018 increased by 8% to $53.0 million, compared with $48.9 million in the first half of 2017, with growth in all three segments.

  • The Company reported GAAP net income of $7.0 million during the first half of 2018, decreasing $1.3 million compared to net income of $8.3 million during the first half of 2017. Net income includes expenses of $1.1 million related to the Company's definitive agreement to acquire VKIDZ Holdings Inc. ("VKidz") and its review of strategic alternatives in addition to higher tax expense. The Company's effective tax rate for the first half of 2018 is higher than the effective tax rate for the first half of 2017 as a result of reducing most of the valuation allowance against most of the Company's deferred tax assets in the fourth quarter of 2017.

  • Adjusted EBITDA was $21.5 million, decreasing $0.4 million from $21.9 million in 2017, with the growth in GAAP net revenues in the first half more than offset by planned strategic investments made to development, marketing and sales initiatives to support full-year and long-term growth of the Company's digital solutions.

  • Net interest expense was $1.8 million for the first half of 2018, down $0.8 million from the first half of 2017 as a result of the scheduled debt amortization payments and voluntary prepayments made during 2017.

  • Cash Income was $(8.7) million for the first half of 2018 compared to Cash Income of $(11.6) million for the first half of 2017. Cash Income is a highly seasonal metric and is historically in a loss position for the first half of the year. Capital expenditures totaled $8.0 million in the first half of 2018 versus $8.8 million in the first half of 2017.

  • The Company had cash and cash equivalents of $4.7 million at June 30, 2018. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, cash used in operations was $3.9 million, cash used in investing activities was $8.0 million, and cash provided by financing activities was $8.1 million. At June 30, 2018, the principal amount of term loans outstanding was $45.6 million, the revolving credit facility outstanding was $10.0 million and there was $19.8 million available under the revolving credit facility.

  • The Company's technology-enabled products continue to receive industry recognition. Learning A-Z was recently awarded two Software and Information Industry Association (SIIA) CODiE Awards: Raz-Plus™, for Best Solution for Special Needs Students, and Science A-Z®, for Best Science Instruction Solution.

Second Quarter 2018 Financial Highlights

  • GAAP net revenues for the second quarter of 2018 increased by $0.6 million, or 2%, to $41.0 million compared with $40.4 million in 2017. GAAP net revenues by segment for the three months ended June 30, 2018, and the change from the same period of 2017, were as follows:

    •  Learning A-Z - $20.4 million, increased $1.8 million or 10%

    •  ExploreLearning - $7.7 million, increased $1.0 million or 15%

    •  Voyager Sopris Learning - $12.8 million, decreased $(2.1) million or (14)%

  • Bookings for the second quarter of 2018 were $33.1 million, an increase of 11% compared with $29.7 million in the second quarter of 2017.

  • The Company reported net income of $4.4 million during the second quarter of 2018, decreasing $1.4 million compared to net income of $5.8 million during the second quarter of 2017. Net income includes expenses of $1.1 million related to the Company's definitive agreement to acquire VKIDZ Holdings Inc. and its review of strategic alternatives in addition to higher tax expense.

  • Adjusted EBITDA was $12.7 million, decreasing $0.2 million from $12.9 million in 2017, with the growth in GAAP net revenues in the second quarter more than offset by planned strategic investments made to development, marketing and sales initiatives to support full-year and long-term growth of the Company's digital solutions.

  • Cash Income was $1.9 million for the second quarter of 2018 compared to Cash Income of $(0.8) million for the second quarter of 2017. Capital expenditures totaled $4.0 million in the second quarter of 2018 versus $4.3 million in the second quarter of 2017.

Second Quarter 2018 Segment Results

Net Revenues, Bookings, Net Income, and Cash Income changes by segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, compared to the same period of 2017 were as follows:

 Q2 - 2018
% Change
 YTD - 2018
% Change
 Net
Revenues
BookingsNet IncomeCash Income Net
Revenues
BookingsNet IncomeCash Income
Learning A-Z10%26%2%105% 7%13%1%30%
ExploreLearning15%15%(1)%(19)% 13%14%(3)%(208)%
Voyager Sopris Learning(14)%(5)%(14)%2,174% (12)%1%(6)%81%
Shared Services  (10)%3%   (6)%(3)%
Cambium Learning Group, Inc.2%11%(23)%342% 2%8%(15)%25%
                  

2018 Outlook

Mr. Campbell stated, "We are on track as we enter the back-to-school selling season and are reiterating our full-year outlook. We target higher Bookings growth than last year's, driven by our SaaS businesses, and expansions in Adjusted EBITDA and Cash Income as we make selected investments in development, marketing and sales. Cambium Learning Group's solutions leverage technology to offer unique, personalized, adaptive, scalable and effective answers to the challenges students face, and we are focused on increasing our share of market to drive returns for all stakeholders."

Management's outlook for company-wide full-year 2018 Bookings growth at a higher percentage than 2017 is unchanged, with most of the growth expected in the second half of the year during the Company's seasonally strong periods. Cambium Learning Group's business is highly seasonal, with Bookings historically peaking during the third quarter, which represents by far the preponderance of Bookings, revenue and income each year.

The Company continues to expect its full-year 2018 Bookings growth to be driven by its two 100% digital subscription businesses, Learning A-Z and ExploreLearning. Voyager Sopris Learning is expected to build on the momentum of the LANGUAGE! Live solution and continue to make progress on repositioning the segment's role in the intervention marketplace.

Capital expenditures in 2018 are expected to be roughly consistent with 2017, and the Company expects growth in its Cash Income margin from 2017, with the impact of spending on strategic investments in its technology subscription products offset by the ongoing benefit of the transition in mix to these higher margin product lines. The Company continues to expect cash generation during the year from normal operations to be in line with previous guidance. The Company will assess the impact of cash expenditures related to the strategic alternatives process and the VKidz acquisition as the year progresses.

REVIEW OF STRATEGIC ALTERNATIVES and VKIDZ TRANSACTION

As previously announced in May 2018, the Company has an ongoing review of strategic alternatives to maximize shareholder value. Such strategic alternatives could include a sale of the Company or a sale of a division or divisions thereof, a strategic merger, a business combination or continuing as a standalone entity executing on its business plan. The Company has not set a definitive timetable for completion of its review of strategic alternatives, nor has it made any decisions related to any such strategic alternative at this time, and there can be no assurances that the process will result in any transaction being announced or completed in the future. The Company does not intend to make any further announcements related to its review unless and until its Board of Directors has approved a specific transaction or otherwise determined that further disclosure is appropriate.

Also as previously announced, on May 13, 2018, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to acquire VKIDZ Holdings Inc. ("VKidz"), an award winning Florida-based edtech company dedicated to helping deliver the best education to students using digital solutions. Organized in two business units, VKidz serves both school systems and homeschooling families with 100% digital, 100% subscription, innovative, research-based educational products. For the first half of 2018, VKidz reported a Bookings increase of 12% over prior year first half. The acquisition is expected to be consummated, subject to all applicable approvals, after completion of the Company's review of strategic alternatives. The terms of the agreement provide the Company the right to terminate the agreement prior to consummation.

Conference Call

Cambium Learning Group's management team will conduct a conference call at 5 p.m. EDT today (August 13, 2018) to discuss its financial results. In consideration of its review of strategic alternatives, management does not plan to conduct a question and answer session during the call. Participants are encouraged to listen to the presentation via a live web broadcast at www.cambiumlearning.com in the Investor Relations section. In addition, a live dial-in is available at 844.707.0670 or 703.639.1224, passcode #6575109.

A replay will be available by dialing 855.859.2056 or 404.537.3406, passcode #6575109, until August 14, 2018. The webcast will also be archived on the Company's Investor Relations page.

Cambium Learning Group also announces investor information, including news about its business and financial performance, SEC filings, notices of investor events, investor presentations, and press and earnings releases, on its website in the Investor Relations section.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Cash Income are not prepared in accordance with GAAP and may be different from similarly named, non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies. Non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. The Company believes these non-GAAP measures provide useful information to investors because they reflect the underlying performance of the ongoing operations of the Company and provide investors with a view of the Company's operations from management's perspective. Adjusted EBITDA and Cash Income remove significant restructuring, non-operational, or certain non-cash items from earnings. The Company uses Adjusted EBITDA and Cash Income to monitor and evaluate the operating performance of the Company and as the basis to set and measure progress toward performance targets. Further, the Cash Income measure directly affects compensation for employees and executives. The Company generally uses these non-GAAP measures as measures of operating performance and not as measures of the Company's liquidity. The Company's presentation of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Cash Income should not be construed as an indication that our future results will be unaffected by unusual, non-operational, or non-cash items.

About Cambium Learning Group, Inc.

Cambium Learning® Group (Nasdaq: ABCD) is an award-winning educational technology solutions leader dedicated to helping all students reach their potential through individualized and differentiated instruction. Using a research-based, personalized approach, Cambium Learning Group delivers SaaS resources and instructional products that engage students and support teachers in fun, positive, safe and scalable environments. These solutions are provided through Learning A-Z® (online differentiated instruction for elementary school reading, writing and science), ExploreLearning® (online interactive math and science simulations and a math fact fluency solution) and Voyager Sopris Learning® (blended solutions that accelerate struggling learners to achieve in literacy and math and professional development for teachers). We believe that every student has unlimited potential, that teachers matter, and that data, instruction, and practice are the keys to success in the classroom and beyond.

Come learn with us at www.cambiumlearning.com.

Media and Investor Contact:

Barbara Benson
Cambium Learning Group, Inc.
investorrelations@cambiumlearning.com

LHA
Jody Burfening/Carolyn Capaccio
212.838.3777
ccapaccio@lhai.com

Forward-Looking Statements

Some of the statements contained herein constitute forward-looking statements. These statements relate to future events, including the future financial performance of Cambium Learning Group, Inc., and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause the markets, actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements of Cambium Learning Group, Inc., to be materially different from any actual future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. These risks and other factors you should consider include, but are not limited to, the ability to successfully attract and retain a broad customer base for current and future products, changes in customer demands or industry standards, success of ongoing product development, maintaining acceptable margins, the ability to control costs, K-12 enrollment and demographic trends, the level of educational funding, the impact of federal, state, and local regulatory requirements on the business of the company, the loss of key personnel, the impact of competition, the uncertainty of general economic conditions and financial market performance, explorations of possible transactions and other strategic alternatives, and those other risks and uncertainties listed under the heading "RISK FACTORS" in Cambium Learning Group, Inc.'s Form 10-K and other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as "may," "should," "expects," "plans," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "predicts," "potential," "continue," "projects," "intends," "prospects," or "priorities," or the negative of such terms, or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions. Actual events or results may differ materially. Cambium Learning Group, Inc., does not assume or undertake any obligation to update the information contained in this press release, and expressly disclaims any obligation to do so, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

 
Cambium Learning Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)
    
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017 2018
 2017
Net revenues$40,996  $40,362  $77,603  $76,332 
Cost of revenues:       
Cost of revenues7,038  7,215  13,101  13,400 
Amortization expense4,043  4,328  7,947  8,418 
Total cost of revenues11,081  11,543  21,048  21,818 
Research and development expense3,893  3,294  7,619  6,392 
Sales and marketing expense12,717  12,190  25,520  25,100 
General and administrative expense6,135  4,900  11,416  9,783 
Shipping and handling costs186  195  307  313 
Depreciation and amortization expense718  669  1,435  1,350 
Total costs and expenses34,730  32,791  67,345  64,756 
Income before interest and income taxes6,266  7,571  10,258  11,576 
Net interest expense(927) (1,336) (1,757) (2,563)
Other income (expense), net118  (109) 15  (217)
Income before income taxes5,457  6,126  8,516  8,796 
Income tax expense(1,022) (334) (1,474) (474)
Net income$4,435  $5,792  $7,042  $8,322 
Net income per common share:       
Basic$0.09  $0.13  $0.15  $0.18 
Diluted$0.09  $0.12  $0.15  $0.18 
Average number of common shares and equivalents outstanding:       
Basic47,172  46,283  47,036  46,243 
Diluted48,385  47,476  48,250  47,460 
            


 
Cambium Learning Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except per share data)
    
 June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
 (Unaudited)  
ASSETS   
Current assets:   
Cash and cash equivalents$4,680  $8,493 
Accounts receivable, net13,277  12,937 
Inventory1,813  2,382 
Restricted assets, current961  961 
Other current assets9,731  11,193 
Total current assets30,462  35,966 
Property, equipment and software at cost62,966  65,250 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(42,006) (43,164)
Property, equipment and software, net20,960  22,086 
Goodwill43,518  43,518 
Other intangible assets, net3,108  3,607 
Pre-publication costs, net17,986  17,758 
Restricted assets, less current portion839  1,293 
Deferred tax assets30,020  30,614 
Other assets3,372  3,712 
Total assets$150,265  $158,554 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)   
Current liabilities:   
Accounts payable$2,075  $2,388 
Accrued expenses13,770  12,121 
Revolving credit facility10,000   
Current portion of long-term debt6,651  5,958 
Deferred revenue, current61,286  86,913 
Total current liabilities93,782  107,380 
Long-term liabilities:   
Long-term debt38,477  41,841 
Deferred revenue, less current portion15,232  13,995 
Other liabilities9,257  9,630 
Total long-term liabilities62,966  65,466 
Stockholders' equity (deficit):   
Preferred stock ($.001 par value, 15,000 shares authorized, zero shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017)   
Common stock ($.001 par value, 150,000 shares authorized, 53,789 and 53,333 shares issued, and 47,257 and 46,800 shares outstanding at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)54  53 
Capital surplus290,468  289,022 
Accumulated deficit(282,199) (288,490)
Treasury stock at cost (6,532 shares at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017)(12,784) (12,784)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:   
Pension and postretirement plans(2,022) (2,093)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(2,022) (2,093)
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)(6,483) (14,292)
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)$150,265  $158,554 
        


 
Cambium Learning Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Reconciliation of Net Income to EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Cash Income
(unaudited)
    
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)2018 2017 2018 2017
Net income$4,435  $5,792  $7,042  $8,322 
Reconciling items between net income and EBITDA:       
Depreciation and amortization expense4,761  4,997  9,382  9,768 
Net interest expense927  1,336  1,757  2,563 
Income tax expense1,022  334  1,474  474 
Income from operations before interest, income taxes, and depreciation and amortization (EBITDA)11,145  12,459  19,655  21,127 
Non-operational or non-cash costs included in EBITDA but excluded from Adjusted EBITDA:       
Income from sale of excess state tax credits(222)   (222)  
Merger, acquisition and disposition activities1,499  212  1,621  339 
Stock-based compensation and expense252  224  479  424 
Adjusted EBITDA12,674  12,895  21,533  21,890 
Change in deferred revenues(7,900) (10,576) (24,814) (27,419)
Change in deferred costs1,132  1,168  2,589  2,731 
Capital expenditures(3,980) (4,284) (7,988) (8,816)
Cash income$1,926  $(797) $(8,680) $(11,614)
                


 
Cambium Learning Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Reconciliation of Bookings to Net Revenues by Segment – 2018
(unaudited)
  
 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
(in thousands)Learning A-Z ExploreLearning Voyager Sopris
Learning
 Consolidated
Bookings$14,683  $6,797  $11,636  $33,116 
Change in deferred revenues5,752  991  1,157  7,900 
Other  (56) 36  (20)
Net revenues$20,435  $7,732  $12,829  $40,996 
                


 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
(in thousands)Learning A-Z ExploreLearning Voyager Sopris
Learning
 Consolidated
Bookings$24,282  $9,970  $18,717  $52,969 
Change in deferred revenues15,289  5,338  4,187  24,814 
Other  (72) (108) (180)
Net revenues$39,571  $15,236  $22,796  $77,603 
                


 
Reconciliation of Net Income to EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Cash Income by Segment – 2018
(unaudited)
  
 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
(in thousands)Learning A-Z Explore
Learning
 Voyager Sopris
Learning
 Other Consolidated
Net income$9,888  $2,776  $2,937  $(11,166) $4,435 
Reconciling items between net income and EBITDA:         
Depreciation and amortization expense      4,761  4,761 
Net interest expense      927  927 
Income tax expense      1,022  1,022 
Income from operations before interest, income taxes, and depreciation and amortization (EBITDA)9,888  2,776  2,937  (4,456) 11,145 
Non-operational or non-cash costs included in EBITDA but excluded from Adjusted EBITDA:         
Income from sale of excess state tax credits      (222) (222)
Merger, acquisition and disposition activities      1,499  1,499 
Stock-based compensation and expense70  55  59  68  252 
Adjusted EBITDA9,958  2,831  2,996  (3,111) 12,674 
Change in deferred revenues(5,752) (991) (1,157)   (7,900)
Change in deferred costs597  282  253    1,132 
Capital expenditures - product development(2,006) (1,017) (548)   (3,571)
Capital expenditures - general expenditures(318) (65) (9) (17) (409)
Cash income$2,479  $1,040  $1,535  $(3,128) $1,926 
                    


 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
(in thousands)Learning A-Z Explore
Learning
 Voyager Sopris
Learning
 Other Consolidated
Net income$18,777  $5,347  $3,790  $(20,872) $7,042 
Reconciling items between net income and EBITDA:         
Depreciation and amortization expense      9,382  9,382 
Net interest expense      1,757  1,757 
Income tax expense      1,474  1,474 
Income from operations before interest, income taxes, and depreciation and amortization (EBITDA)18,777  5,347  3,790  (8,259) 19,655 
Non-operational or non-cash costs included in EBITDA but excluded from Adjusted EBITDA:         
Income from sale of excess state tax credits      (222) (222)
Merger, acquisition and disposition activities      1,621  1,621 
Stock-based compensation and expense127  100  118  134  479 
Adjusted EBITDA18,904  5,447  3,908  (6,726) 21,533 
Change in deferred revenues(15,289) (5,338) (4,187)   (24,814)
Change in deferred costs1,292  657  640    2,589 
Capital expenditures - product development(3,874) (2,036) (1,195)   (7,105)
Capital expenditures - general expenditures(576) (161) (115) (31) (883)
Cash income$457  $(1,431) $(949) $(6,757) $(8,680)
                    


 
Deferred Revenue by Segment – 2018
(unaudited)
  
 June 30, 2018
(in thousands)Learning A-Z ExploreLearning Voyager Sopris
Learning
 Consolidated
Deferred revenue, current$36,251  $13,432  $11,603  $61,286 
Deferred revenue, less current portion7,533  3,802  3,897  15,232 
Deferred revenue$43,784  $17,234  $15,500  $76,518 
                


 
Deferred Costs by Segment – 2018
(unaudited)
  
 June 30, 2018
(in thousands)Learning A-Z ExploreLearning Voyager Sopris
Learning
 Consolidated
Deferred costs, current$3,499  $1,222  $1,705  $6,426 
Deferred costs, less current portion492  177  753  1,422 
Deferred costs$3,991  $1,399  $2,458  $7,848 
                


 
Cambium Learning Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Reconciliation of Bookings to Net Revenues by Segment – 2017
(unaudited)
  
 Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
(in thousands)Learning A-Z ExploreLearning Voyager Sopris
Learning
 Consolidated
Bookings$11,661  $5,888  $12,192  $29,741 
Change in deferred revenues6,990  873  2,713  10,576 
Other(1) (26) 72  45 
Net revenues$18,650  $6,735  $14,977  $40,362 
                


 Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
(in thousands)Learning A-Z ExploreLearning Voyager Sopris
Learning
 Consolidated
Bookings$21,560  $8,764  $18,529  $48,853 
Change in deferred revenues15,275  4,854  7,290  27,419 
Other  (105) 165  60 
Net revenues$36,835  $13,513  $25,984  $76,332 
                


 
Reconciliation of Net Income to EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Cash Income by Segment – 2017
(unaudited)
  
 Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
(in thousands)Learning A-Z Explore
Learning
 Voyager
Sopris
Learning
 Other Consolidated
Net income$9,688  $2,814  $3,408  $(10,118) $5,792 
Reconciling items between net income and EBITDA:         
Depreciation and amortization expense      4,997  4,997 
Net interest expense      1,336  1,336 
Income tax expense      334  334 
Income from operations before interest, income taxes, and depreciation and amortization (EBITDA)9,688  2,814  3,408  (3,451) 12,459 
Non-operational or non-cash costs included in EBITDA but excluded from Adjusted EBITDA:         
Merger, acquisition and disposition activities      212  212 
Stock-based compensation and expense53  30  75  66  224 
Adjusted EBITDA9,741  2,844  3,483  (3,173) 12,895 
Change in deferred revenues(6,990) (873) (2,713)   (10,576)
Change in deferred costs547  104  517    1,168 
Capital expenditures - product development(1,869) (721) (1,316)   (3,906)
Capital expenditures - general expenditures(220) (77) (45) (36) (378)
Cash income$1,209  $1,277  $(74) $(3,209) $(797)
                    


 Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
(in thousands)Learning A-Z Explore
Learning
 Voyager
Sopris
Learning
 Other Consolidated
Net income$18,556  $5,490  $4,043  $(19,767) $8,322 
Reconciling items between net income and EBITDA:         
Depreciation and amortization expense      9,768  9,768 
Net interest expense      2,563  2,563 
Income tax expense      474  474 
Income from operations before interest, income taxes, and depreciation and amortization (EBITDA)18,556  5,490  4,043  (6,962) 21,127 
Non-operational or non-cash costs included in EBITDA but excluded from Adjusted EBITDA:         
Merger, acquisition and disposition activities      339  339 
Stock-based compensation and expense100  54  145  125  424 
Adjusted EBITDA18,656  5,544  4,188  (6,498) 21,890 
Change in deferred revenues(15,275) (4,854) (7,290)   (27,419)
Change in deferred costs1,162  493  1,076    2,731 
Capital expenditures - product development(3,798) (1,481) (2,809)   (8,088)
Capital expenditures - general expenditures(393) (167) (115) (53) (728)
Cash income$352  $(465) $(4,950) $(6,551) $(11,614)