TerrAscend Reports First Quarter 2024 Financial Results


Net Revenue of $80.6 million, an increase of 16.1% year-over-year

Cash Flow from operations of $13.3 million and Free Cash Flow1 of $10.5 million in the quarter

TORONTO, May 09, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- TerrAscend Corp. (“TerrAscend” or the “Company”) (TSX: TSND, OTCQX: TSNDF), a leading North American cannabis company, today reported its financial results for the first quarter ended March 31, 2024. All amounts are expressed in U.S. dollars and are prepared under U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), unless indicated otherwise.

The following financial measures are reported as results from continuing operations due to the shutdown of the licensed producer business in Canada, which is reported as discontinued operations through September 30, 2023. All historical periods have been restated accordingly.

First Quarter 2024 Financial Highlights

  • Net Revenue was $80.6 million, an increase of 16.1% year-over-year.
  • Gross Profit Margin was 48.0%, compared to 48.8% in Q1 2023.
  • Net loss from continuing operations was $14.9 million, compared to a net loss of $19.2 million in Q1 2023.
  • EBITDA from continuing operations1 was $8.7 million, compared to $6.1 million in Q1 2023.
  • Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations1 was $16.2 million, compared to $12.2 million in Q1 2023, an increase of 33.0% year-over-year.
  • Adjusted EBITDA Margin from continuing operations1 was 20.1%, compared to 17.6% in Q1 2023.
  • Cash flow provided by operating activities from continuing operations was $13.3 million compared to $10.5 million in Q1 2023.
  • Free Cash Flow1 was $10.5 million compared to $8.0 million in Q1 2023.

“For the first quarter, revenue and Adjusted EBITDA increased materially year-over-year and we delivered another quarter of strong positive Free Cash Flow,” stated Jason Wild, Executive Chairman of TerrAscend. “Independent of reform, we enter this exciting stretch with the right team and high-performing assets. There are also multiple catalysts on the horizon that would further amplify our results going forward. In Pennsylvania, adult use appears to be closer than ever given recent legislative activities and comments from the Governor. At the federal level, the recent news around DEA rescheduling is encouraging and, if implemented, would dramatically improve our balance sheet and profitability.   Finally, one of TerrAscend’s major differentiators is our ‘wide open map’. This enables us to strike extremely accretive deals to enter additional attractive states via best in breed operators. We can’t wait to share more details on this front when appropriate.”

Financial Summary Q1 2024 and Comparative Periods
All figures are restated for the Canadian business recorded as discontinued operations through Q3 2023.

(in millions of U.S. Dollars) Q1 2024  Q1 2023 
Revenue, net 80.6  69.4 
Year-over-Year increase 16.1% 42.8%
       
Gross profit 38.7  33.9 
Gross profit margin 48.0% 48.8%
       
General & Administrative expenses 28.0  27.7 
Share-based compensation expense (included in G&A expenses above) 1.5  1.7 
G&A as a % of revenue, net 34.7% 39.9%
       
Net loss from continuing operations (14.9) (19.2)
       
EBITDA from continuing operations 8.7  6.1 
       
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations1 16.2  12.2 
Adjusted EBITDA Margin from continuing operations1 20.1% 17.6%
       
Net cash provided by (used in) operations- continuing operations 13.3  10.5 
       
Free Cash Flow1 10.5  8.0 

1 EBITDA from continuing operations, Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations, Adjusted EBITDA Margin from continuing operations, and Free Cash Flow are non-GAAP measures defined in the section titled “Definition and Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures” below and reconciled to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, at the end of this release.

First Quarter 2024 Business and Operational Highlights

  • Seventh consecutive quarter of positive cash flow provided by continuing operations.
  • Paid down $9.8 million in debt.
  • Grew Pennsylvania wholesale sales 80% year-over-year.
  • Michigan achieved 40% gross margin for the second consecutive quarter.
  • Acquired the remaining 50.1% equity in State Flower and three Apothecarium dispensaries in California, all of which were already previously consolidated into financial results.
  • Expanded Valhalla product lineup to include one of the first 100mg edibles in Pennsylvania resulting in Valhalla brand growth of 54% sequentially.
  • Won two Cannademix Community Awards for New Jersey Best Flower and New Jersey Best Extract.

First Quarter 2024 Financial Results
Net revenue for the first quarter of 2024 was $80.6 million as compared to $69.4 million for the first quarter of 2023, representing year-over-year growth of 16.1%. This growth was driven by the acquisition of four dispensaries and commencement of adult-use sales in Maryland, a doubling of the Company’s wholesale business due to increased demand for the Company’s brands across the new store openings in New Jersey, and an 80% increase in Pennsylvania wholesale driven by performance of the Legend flower and Valhalla edibles brands, partially offset by retail declines in New Jersey and Michigan.

Gross profit margin for the first quarter of 2024 was 48.0% as compared to 48.8% in the first quarter of 2023. The year-over-year decrease of 80 basis points was driven by channel mix shift in New Jersey and scale-up related costs in Maryland, partially offset by improvements in Michigan.

General & Administrative expenses (G&A) for the first quarter of 2024 were $28.0 million as compared to $27.7 million in the first quarter of 2023. G&A expenses, excluding stock-based compensation, were $26.5 million compared to $26.0 million in the first quarter of 2023. G&A as a percent of revenue, excluding stock-based compensation, was 32.9% in the first quarter, compared to 37.5% in the first quarter of 2023.

Net loss from continuing operations was $14.9 million, compared to a net loss of $19.2 million in the first quarter of 2023. The improvement was driven by revenue and gross margin growth while maintaining G&A expenses relatively flat.

Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations grew 33% year-over-year to $16.2 million, representing a 20.1% Adjusted EBITDA margin, as compared to $12.2 million and 17.6% in the first quarter of 2023. The year-over-year improvement of 250 basis points was driven by G&A expense leverage, partially offset by an 80 basis point decline in gross margin.

Balance Sheet and Cash Flow
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash, were $25.7 million as of March 31, 2024, compared to $25.3 million as of December 31, 2023. Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations was $13.3 million for the first quarter of 2024 compared to $10.5 million in the first quarter of 2023. This represented the Company’s seventh consecutive quarter of positive cash flow from continuing operations. Capex spending was $2.8 million in the first quarter of 2024 related to the Company’s Hagerstown, Maryland expansion. Free cash flow was $10.5 million as compared to $8.0 million in the first quarter of 2023. During the quarter, payments were made related to $9.8 million of additional debt paydown.  

As of May 8, 2024, there were 368 million basic shares outstanding including 291 million common shares, 13 million preferred shares as converted, and 63 million exchangeable shares. Additionally, there are 42 million warrants and options outstanding at a weighted average price of $3.93.

Conference Call
TerrAscend will host a conference call today, May 9, 2024, to discuss these results. Jason Wild, Executive Chairman, Ziad Ghanem, President and Chief Operating Officer, and Keith Stauffer, Chief Financial Officer, will host the call starting at 5:00 p.m. Eastern time. A question-and-answer session will follow management's presentation.

Date:Thursday, May 9, 2024
Time:5:00 p.m. Eastern Time
Webcast:https://ir.terrascend.com/news-events/ir-calendar
Dial-in Number:1-888-664-6392
Replay:



416-764-8677 or 1-888-390-0541

Available until 12:00 midnight Eastern Time Thursday, May 23, 2024
Replay Entry Code: 100922#

Financial results and analyses are available on the Company’s website (www.terrascend.com) and SEDAR+ (www.sedarplus.ca).

The Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) has neither approved nor disapproved the contents of this news release. Neither the TSX nor any securities regulator accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.

About TerrAscend
TerrAscend is a leading TSX-listed cannabis company with interests across the North American cannabis sector, including vertically integrated operations in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, Michigan and California through TerrAscend Growth Corp. and retail operations in Canada through TerrAscend Canada Inc. (“TerrAscend”). TerrAscend operates The Apothecarium, Gage and other dispensary retail locations as well as scaled cultivation, processing, and manufacturing facilities in its core markets. TerrAscend’s cultivation and manufacturing practices yield consistent, high-quality cannabis, providing industry-leading product selection to both the medical and legal adult-use markets. The Company owns or licenses several synergistic businesses and brands including Gage Cannabis, The Apothecarium, Cookies, Lemonnade, Ilera Healthcare, Kind Tree, Legend, State Flower, Wana, and Valhalla Confections. For more information visit www.terrascend.com

Caution Regarding Cannabis Operations in the United States
Investors should note that there are significant legal restrictions and regulations that govern the cannabis industry in the United States. Cannabis remains a Schedule I drug under the US Controlled Substances Act, making it illegal under federal law in the United States to, among other things, cultivate, distribute, or possess cannabis in the United States. Financial transactions involving proceeds generated by, or intended to promote, cannabis-related business activities in the United States may form the basis for prosecution under applicable US federal money laundering legislation.

While the approach to enforcement of such laws by the federal government in the United States has trended toward non-enforcement against individuals and businesses that comply with medical or adult-use cannabis programs in states where such programs are legal, strict compliance with state laws with respect to cannabis will neither absolve TerrAscend of liability under U.S. federal law, nor will it provide a defense to any federal proceeding which may be brought against TerrAscend. The enforcement of federal laws in the United States is a significant risk to the business of TerrAscend and any proceedings brought against TerrAscend thereunder may adversely affect TerrAscend's operations and financial performance.

Forward Looking Information
This news release contains “forward-looking information” within the meaning of applicable securities laws. Forward-looking information contained in this press release may be identified by the use of words such as, “may”, “would”, “could”, “will”, “likely”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “believe, “intend”, “plan”, “forecast”, “project”, “estimate”, “outlook” and other similar expressions, and include statements with respect to future revenue and profits. Forward-looking information is not a guarantee of future performance and is based upon a number of estimates and assumptions of management in light of management’s experience and perception of trends, current conditions and expected developments, as well as other factors relevant in the circumstances, including assumptions in respect of current and future market conditions, the current and future regulatory environment, and the availability of licenses, approvals and permits.

Although the Company believes that the expectations and assumptions on which such forward-looking information is based are reasonable, undue reliance should not be placed on the forward-looking information because the Company can give no assurance that they will prove to be correct. Actual results and developments may differ materially from those contemplated by these statements. Forward-looking information is subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking information. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, current and future market conditions; risks related to federal, state, provincial, territorial, local and foreign government laws, rules and regulations, including federal and state laws in the United States relating to cannabis operations in the United States; and the risk factors set out in the Company’s most recently filed MD&A, filed with the Canadian securities regulators and available under the Company’s profile on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca and in the section titled “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 14, 2024.

The statements in this press release are made as of the date of this release. The Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking information, whether, as a result of new information, future events, or results or otherwise, other than as required by applicable securities laws.

Definition and Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures
In addition to reporting the financial results in accordance with GAAP, the Company reports certain financial results that differ from what is reported under GAAP. Non-GAAP measures used by management do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. The Company believes that certain investors and analysts use these measures to measure a company’s ability to meet other payment obligations or as a common measurement to value companies in the cannabis industry, and the Company calculates: (i) EBITDA from continuing operations and Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations as net income (loss), adjusted to exclude [provision for income taxes, finance expenses, depreciation and amortization, relief of fair value upon acquisition, share-based compensation, gain on extinguishment of debt, restructuring related charges, impairment of good will and intangible assets and certain other items which management believes are not reflective of the ongoing operations and performance, (ii) Adjusted EBITDA Margin from continuing operations as EBITDA from continuing operations adjusted for certain material non-cash items such as inventory write downs outside of the normal course of operations, share based compensation expense, impairment charges taken on goodwill, intangible assets and property and equipment, the gain or loss recognized on the revaluation of our contingent consideration liabilities, the gain or loss recognized on the remeasurement of the fair value of the U.S denominated preferred share warrants and other warrants liabilities, one time fees incurred in connection with our acquisitions and certain other adjustments management believes are not reflective of the ongoing operations and performance, (iii) Free Cash Flow as net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations as presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, less capital expenditures for property and equipment, and (iv) General & Administrative expenses excluding stock-based compensation as a percentage of Revenue, net. Such information is intended to provide additional information and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. The Company believes this definition is a useful measure to assess the performance of the Company as it provides more meaningful operating results by excluding the effects of expenses that are not reflective of the Company’s underlying business performance and other one-time or non-recurring expenses.

For more information regarding TerrAscend: 
Keith Stauffer
Chief Financial Officer
ir@terrascend.com
855-837-7295

TerrAscend Corp.
Consolidated Balance Sheet
(Amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except for share and per share amounts)

  At  At 
  March 31, 2024  December 31, 2023 
Assets      
Current Assets      
Cash and cash equivalents $22,664  $22,241 
Restricted cash  3,110   3,106 
Accounts receivable, net  17,013   19,048 
Investments  1,965   1,913 
Inventory  49,199   51,683 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets  3,704   4,898 
   97,655   102,889 
Non-Current Assets      
Property and equipment, net  194,256   196,215 
Deposits  284   337 
Operating lease right of use assets  41,488   43,440 
Intangible assets, net  214,060   215,854 
Goodwill  106,929   106,929 
Other non-current assets  867   854 
   557,884   563,629 
Total Assets $655,539  $666,518 
       
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity      
Current Liabilities      
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities $49,673  $49,897 
Deferred revenue  4,510   4,154 
Loans payable, current  133,668   137,737 
Contingent consideration payable, current  1,490   6,446 
Operating lease liability, current  1,816   1,244 
Lease obligations under finance leases, current  2,079   2,030 
Corporate income tax payable  5,143   4,775 
Other current liabilities  737   717 
   199,116   207,000 
Non-Current Liabilities      
Loans payable, non-current  58,409   61,633 
Operating lease liability, non-current  43,967   45,384 
Lease obligations under finance leases, non-current  383   407 
Derivative liability  6,075   5,162 
Convertible debt  7,682   7,266 
Deferred income tax liability  16,919   17,175 
Contingent consideration payable, non-current  1,424    
Liability on uncertain tax position and other long term liabilities  89,455   81,751 
   224,314   218,778 
Total Liabilities  423,430   425,778 
Commitments and Contingencies      
Shareholders' Equity      
Share Capital      
Series A, convertible preferred stock, no par value, unlimited shares authorized; 12,350 and 12,350 shares outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively      
Series B, convertible preferred stock, no par value, unlimited shares authorized; 600 and 600 shares outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively      
Series C, convertible preferred stock, no par value, unlimited shares authorized; nil and nil shares outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively      
Series D, convertible preferred stock, no par value, unlimited shares authorized; nil and nil shares outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively      
Proportionate voting shares, no par value, unlimited shares authorized; nil and nil shares outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively      
Exchangeable shares, no par value, unlimited shares authorized; 63,492,038 and 63,492,038 shares outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively      
Common shares, no par value, unlimited shares authorized; 291,284,814 and 288,327,497 shares outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively      
Additional paid in capital  945,825   944,859 
Accumulated other comprehensive income  2,197   1,799 
Accumulated deficit  (717,398)  (704,162)
Non-controlling interest  1,485   (1,756)
Total Shareholders' Equity  232,109   240,740 
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity $655,539  $666,518 
 

TerrAscend Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
(Amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except for share and per share amounts)

  For the Three Months Ended 
  March 31, 2024  March 31, 2023 
Revenue, net 80,633  69,398 
       
Cost of Sales 41,902  35,498 
       
Gross profit 38,731  33,900 
       
Operating expenses:      
General and administrative 28,008  27,730 
Amortization and depreciation 2,215  2,029 
Impairment of property and equipment and right of use assets 2,438  335 
Total operating expenses 32,661  30,094 
       
Income from operations 6,070  3,806 
       
Other (income) expense        
Loss from revaluation of contingent consideration 1,393   
Loss (gain) on fair value of warrants and purchase option derivative assets 983  (438)
Finance and other expenses 8,589  10,087 
Transaction and restructuring costs   3 
Unrealized and realized foreign exchange loss (gain) 285  (31)
Unrealized and realized loss on investments   699 
Loss from continuing operations before provision for income taxes (5,180) (6,514)
Provision for income taxes 9,671  12,664 
Net loss from continuing operations (14,851) (19,178)
       
Discontinued operations:      
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax   (3,591)
Net loss (14,851) (22,769)
       
Foreign currency translation adjustment (398) 347 
Comprehensive loss (14,453) (23,116)
       
Net loss from continuing operations attributable to:      
Common and proportionate Shareholders of the Company (17,055) (21,364)
Non-controlling interests 2,204  2,186 
       
Comprehensive loss attributable to:      
Common and proportionate Shareholders of the Company (16,657) (25,302)
Non-controlling interests 2,204  2,186 
       
Net loss per share      
Net loss per share - basic:      
Continuing operations (0.06) (0.08)
Discontinued operations   (0.01)
Net loss per share - basic (0.06) (0.09)
Weighted average number of outstanding common shares 290,618,567  267,211,093 
       
Net loss per share - diluted:      
Continuing operations (0.06) (0.08)
Discontinued operations   (0.01)
Net loss per share - diluted (0.06) (0.09)
Weighted average number of outstanding common shares, assuming dilution 290,618,567  267,211,093 
 

TerrAscend Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except for share and per share amounts)

 For the Three Months Ended 
 March 31, 2024  March 31, 2023 
Operating activities     
Net loss from continuing operations$(14,851) $(19,178)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities     
Non-cash adjustments of inventory    797 
Accretion expense 5,875   4,763 
Depreciation of property and equipment and amortization of intangible assets 5,000   4,771 
Amortization of operating right-of-use assets 716   454 
Share-based compensation 1,485   1,713 
Deferred income tax expense (256)  1,446 
Loss (gain) on fair value of warrants and purchase option derivative 983   (438)
Gain on disposal of fixed assets    307 
Loss from revaluation of contingent consideration 1,393    
Impairment of property and equipment and right of use assets 2,439    
Loss on derecognition of right of use assets and lease termination    205 
Bad debt expense 67    
Unrealized and realized foreign exchange loss (gain) 285   (31)
Unrealized and realized loss on investments    699 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities     
Receivables 1,954   773 
Inventory 2,476   (4,969)
Prepaid expense and other current assets 1,189   1,203 
Deposits    97 
Other assets (12)  (131)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities and other payables (3,512)  6,882 
Operating lease liability (670)  (473)
Other liability (537)  (14)
Uncertain tax position liabilities 8,503    
Corporate income tax payable 368   11,773 
Deferred revenue 356   (195)
Net cash provided by operating activities- continuing operations 13,251   10,454 
Net cash used in operating activities - discontinued operations    (2,020)
Net cash provided by operating activities 13,251   8,434 
      
Investing activities     
Investment in property and equipment (2,796)  (2,497)
Investment in intangible assets (127)  (14)
Principal payments received on lease receivable    111 
Success fees related to ATC and other investment    738 
Payment for land contracts (250)  (308)
Cash portion of consideration paid in acquisitions, net of cash of acquired (250)  (9,611)
Net cash used in investing activities - continuing operations (3,423)  (11,581)
Net cash provided investing activities - discontinued operations     
Net cash used in investing activities (3,423)  (11,581)
      
Financing activities     
Transfer of Employee Retention Credit    12,677 
Proceeds from loan payable, net of transaction costs 3,137    
Proceeds from options and warrants exercised    81 
Loan principal paid (12,215)  (1,204)
Capital distributions paid to non-controlling interests (337)  (1,884)
Proceeds from private placement, net of share issuance costs     
Payments made for financing obligations and finance lease (184)  (157)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities- continuing operations (9,599)  9,513 
Net cash used in financing activities- discontinued operations    (115)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (9,599)  9,398 
      
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash during the period 229   6,251 
Net effects of foreign exchange 198   523 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of the period 25,347   26,763 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of the period$25,774  $33,537 
      
Supplemental disclosure with respect to cash flows     
Income taxes paid (refund received)$1,013  $(551)
Interest paid$6,264  $2,456 
Lease termination fee paid$163  $ 
Non-cash transactions     
Equity and warrant liability issued for acquisitions and non-controlling interest$4,674  $750 
Shares issued for Canopy USA arrangement$  $593 
Accrued capital purchases$1,253  $555 
        

TerrAscend Corp.
Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures
(Amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except for percentages)(unaudited)

The table below reconciles net loss from continuing operations to EBITDA from continuing operations and Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations:

  For the Three Months Ended 
  March 31, 2024  December 31, 2023  March 31, 2023 
Revenue, net $80,633  $86,566   69,398 
          
Net loss  (14,851)  (41,814) $(22,769)
Net loss margin %  -18.4%  -48.3%  -32.8%
          
Loss from discontinued operations        3,591 
Loss from continuing operations  (14,851)  (41,814)  (19,178)
          
Add (deduct) the impact of:         
Provision for income taxes  9,671   (9,202)  12,664 
Finance expenses  8,872   9,065   7,875 
Amortization and depreciation  5,000   5,203   4,771 
EBITDA from continuing operations  8,692   (36,748)  6,132 
Add (deduct) the impact of:         
Share-based compensation  1,485   2,238   1,713 
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets     55,993    
Loss from revaluation of contingent consideration  1,393       
Restructuring and executive severance     186    
Other one-time items  958   2   1,358 
Employee Retention Credits Transfer Fee        2,235 
Loss (gain) on lease termination and derecognition of right of use assets     (1,217)  205 
Loss (gain) on fair value of warrants and purchase option derivative asset  983   (2,886)  (437)
Impairment of property and equipment and impairment of right of use assets  2,438   1,734   334 
Gain on disposal of fixed assets     (35)   
Unrealized and realized loss on investments     238   699 
Unrealized and realized foreign exchange loss (gain)  285   122   (31)
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations $16,234  $19,627  $12,208 
Adjusted EBITDA Margin from continuing operations  20.1%  22.7%  17.6%
 

The table below reconciles Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities – continuing operations to Free Cash Flow:

  For the Three Months Ended 
  March 31, 2024  December 31, 2023  March 31, 2023 
Net cash provided by operating activities- continuing operations $13,251  $9,420  $10,454 
Capital expenditures for property and equipment  (2,796)  (1,538)  (2,497)
Free Cash Flow $10,455  $7,882  $7,957 

The table below reconciles Revenue, net to General & Administrative expenses excluding stock-based compensation as a percentage of revenue, net:

  For the Three Months Ended 
  March 31, 2024  December 31, 2023  March 31, 2023 
Revenue, net $80,633  $86,566  $69,398 
          
General & Administrative expenses  28,008   27,684   27,730 
Less: stock-based compensation  1,485   2,238   1,713 
General & Administrative expenses excluding stock-based compensation $26,523  $25,446  $26,017 
          
G&A excluding stock-based compensation as a % of revenue, net  32.9%  29.4%  37.5%